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1.0 Network+ Certification Cram Notes : Networking Fundamentals

1.5 Common ports and protocols, their application, and encrypted alternatives

Briefly explain the following protocols and ports

1. File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for transferring files from one host to another over a TCP-based network, such as the Internet. It uses two TCP ports, 20 and 21, for communication. Port 20 is used for data transfer, while port 21 is used for control and command-related communication.

2. Secure Shell (SSH) is a secure network protocol used to remotely log into a computer, execute commands, and transfer files securely. SSH uses port 22 to establish a secure communication channel between the client and the server.

3. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) is a secure version of FTP that provides an encrypted connection for secure file transfer. SFTP also uses port 22 for communication.

4. Telnet is a network protocol used for remote login and command execution. It uses port 23 for communication.

5. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) is a standard protocol used for transmitting email messages over the Internet. It uses port 25 for communication.

6. Domain Name System (DNS) is a protocol used for resolving domain names into IP addresses. It uses port 53 for communication.

7. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a network protocol used for dynamically assigning IP addresses and other network configurations to devices on a network. DHCP uses ports 67 and 68 for communication.

8. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple version of FTP used for transferring files over a network. It uses port 69 for communication.

9. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is the standard protocol used for transferring web pages over the Internet. It uses port 80 for communication.

10. Post Office Protocol v3 (POP3) is a protocol used for retrieving email messages from a mail server. It uses port 110 for communication.

11. Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol used for synchronizing time on devices over a network. It uses port 123 for communication.

12. Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) is a protocol used for retrieving email messages from a mail server. It uses port 143 for communication.

13. Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used for monitoring and managing network devices. It uses ports 161 and 162 for communication.

14. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is a protocol used for accessing and maintaining directory information services over a network. It uses port 389 for communication.

Explain the following protocols and ports

1. Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is a secure version of the HTTP protocol used for transmitting sensitive information over the internet. It uses Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or its successor, Transport Layer Security (TLS), to encrypt the data being transmitted. SSL and TLS use public-key cryptography to establish a secure communication channel between the client and the server. The default port used for HTTPS traffic is 443.

2. Server Message Block (SMB) is a protocol used for file and printer sharing between computers. It is commonly used in Microsoft Windows operating systems and operates over port 445.

3. Syslog is a standard for logging system events. It is used to centralize log data from multiple devices into a single location for monitoring and analysis. Syslog operates over port 514.

4. SMTP TLS and IMAP over SSL are encrypted versions of the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) and Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP) respectively. These protocols use SSL or TLS to encrypt the email transmission. The default ports used for SMTP TLS and IMAP over SSL are 587 and 993 respectively.

5. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over SSL (LDAPS) is a secure version of the LDAP protocol used for accessing directory services. It uses SSL to encrypt the data being transmitted. The default port used for LDAPS is 636.

6. POP3 over SSL is a secure version of the Post Office Protocol v3 used for receiving email. It uses SSL to encrypt the data being transmitted. The default port used for POP3 over SSL is 995.

7. Structured Query Language (SQL) Server is a relational database management system used by Microsoft. It operates over port 1433. SQLnet is a protocol used for connecting to Oracle databases. It operates over port 1521. MySQL is an open-source relational database management system that operates over port 3306.

8. Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a protocol used for remote desktop access. It allows users to connect to a remote computer and access its resources as if they were locally connected. RDP operates over port 3389.

9. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 5060/5061: Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, modifying and terminating real-time sessions that involve video, voice, messaging and other communications applications and services between endpoints on IP networks. It is a text-based protocol, similar to HTTP and SMTP, and is used to set up and tear down multimedia communications sessions such as voice and video calls over the Internet. SIP typically uses port 5060 for unencrypted communication and port 5061 for encrypted communication over Transport Layer Security (TLS). These ports are used for the initial setup and signaling of the communication session, and once the session is established, the actual media (e.g., audio or video) is transmitted using other ports.


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