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1.0 Network+ Certification Cram Notes : Networking Fundamentals

1.2 Network topologies and network types.

Network types and characteristics

There are several types of networks, each with its own characteristics and uses. Some common types of networks include:

1. Peer-to-peer (P2P) network: In a P2P network, each device acts as both a client and a server, and can communicate directly with other devices without the need for a central server. P2P networks are typically used for file sharing and other types of data transfer between individuals.

2. Client-server network: In a client-server network, clients request resources and services from a central server, which manages and distributes those resources. Client-server networks are commonly used in businesses and organizations, where the central server can manage security, access control, and data storage.

3. Local area network (LAN): A LAN is a network that covers a small geographic area, such as a single building or campus. LANs are typically used to connect devices within a single organization or location, and are often used for data transfer, printing, and other types of communication.

4. Metropolitan area network (MAN): A MAN is a network that covers a larger geographic area, such as a city or metropolitan area. MANs are typically used to connect multiple LANs within a geographic region, and can provide high-speed data transfer between those LANs.

5. Wide area network (WAN): A WAN is a network that covers a large geographic area, such as a country or even the entire world. WANs are typically used to connect multiple LANs and MANs over long distances, and can be based on a variety of technologies, such as satellite, broadband, or leased lines.

6. Wireless local area network (WLAN): A WLAN is a LAN that uses wireless technology to connect devices. WLANs can be used in a variety of settings, such as homes, offices, and public spaces, and are commonly used for mobile data transfer and internet access.

7. Personal area network (PAN): A PAN is a network that covers a small geographic area, such as an individual's workspace or living space. PANs are typically used to connect personal devices, such as smartphones, laptops, and smartwatches, and can be based on wireless technologies like Bluetooth.

8. Campus area network (CAN): A CAN is a network that covers a geographic area within a campus, such as a university or corporate campus. CANs are used to connect LANs and other networks within the campus, and can provide high-speed data transfer and internet access.

9. Storage area network (SAN): A SAN is a network that is dedicated to the storage and management of data. SANs are typically used by businesses and organizations to provide centralized storage and access to large amounts of data.

10. Software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN): An SD-WAN is a network that uses software to dynamically control the flow of data over a WAN. SD-WANs can improve the performance and reliability of WANs, and are commonly used in business and enterprise networks.

11. Multiprotocol label switching (MPLS): MPLS is a technology used to create virtual private networks (VPNs) over public networks, such as the internet. MPLS is used to provide secure, high-speed data transfer between remote sites.

12. Multipoint generic routing encapsulation (mGRE): mGRE is a protocol used to create virtual private networks (VPNs) over public networks, such as the internet. mGRE allows multiple remote sites to be connected over a single VPN tunnel, providing a more efficient and scalable VPN solution.

Service-related entry point

In the context of networking, a "service-related entry point" refers to a physical or logical point of entry into a network where services are provided to customers. Two common examples of service-related entry points are:

1. Demarcation point: A demarcation point (also known as a "demarc") is a physical point of separation between a service provider's network and a customer's network. The demarcation point is typically located on the customer's property and is used to separate the service provider's responsibilities for network maintenance and management from the customer's responsibilities.

2. Smartjack: A smartjack is a type of service-related entry point that is used to provide network services, such as internet access, to customers. Smartjacks are typically located in a central location and are connected to the service provider's network. Customers can then connect their devices to the smartjack to access network services. Smartjacks are often used in multi-tenant buildings, such as apartment buildings or office buildings, to provide network services to multiple customers.


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