1.0 Network+ Certification Cram Notes : Networking Fundamentals

Maximum transmission unit (MTU): The MTU is the maximum size of the data that can be transmitted in a single packet, and is determined by the physical layer components, such as the type of cable and the capabilities of the network hardware.

When a packet is received, the headers and trailers are stripped away in a process called "decapsulation". The payload is then passed up the layers of the OSI model, until it reaches the application layer, where it can be used by the receiving application.

Data encapsulation and decapsulation are important concepts in networking because they allow data to be transmitted between different devices and networks in a standardized and reliable way, allowing for the efficient and secure transfer of data across a network.

1.2 Network topologies and network types.

Network topology refers to the arrangement of devices and the connections between them in a network. There are several common network topologies, including:

1. Bus Topology: In a bus topology, all devices are connected to a single cable or trunk line, with terminators at each end to prevent data from bouncing back.

2. Star Topology: In a star topology, all devices are connected to a central hub or switch, which acts as the main distribution point for data.

3. Ring Topology: In a ring topology, devices are connected in a circular arrangement, with data flowing in one direction around the ring.

4. Mesh Topology: In a mesh topology, every device is connected to every other device, allowing for multiple paths for data to travel.

5. Tree Topology: In a tree topology, devices are arranged in a hierarchical manner, with a central root device and branches extending from it to other devices.

6. Hybrid Topology: A hybrid topology is a combination of two or more of the above topologies.

Each network topology has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice of topology often depends on factors such as the size of the network, the type of devices being used, and the desired level of redundancy. For example, a star topology is easy to install and manage, but a single failure can take down the entire network, while a mesh topology provides a high level of redundancy, but can be complex to set up and manage.

By understanding network topologies, network administrators can make informed decisions about the design and implementation of a network, and can troubleshoot issues more effectively.