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A+ Core 2 Certification Cram Notes : Operating Systems

1.9 Perform OS installations and upgrades in a diverse OS environment as below.

Partitioning

Partitioning is the process of dividing a storage device such as a hard disk drive (HDD) or a solid-state drive (SSD) into separate sections that appear to be separate disks. These separate sections are called partitions. The purpose of partitioning is to allow you to separate the operating system files, user data files, and applications files to different areas of the disk to prevent data loss and manage disk space efficiently.

There are two types of partition tables: GUID Partition Table (GPT) and Master Boot Record (MBR).

GUID Partition Table (GPT): GPT is a newer partition table that has been designed to replace the older MBR partitioning scheme. It supports drives larger than 2 terabytes and allows for up to 128 partitions. It also provides more robust partitioning options and supports modern firmware and boot systems like UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface). GPT is the default partitioning scheme for new Windows installations on UEFI-based computers.

Master Boot Record (MBR): MBR is an older partitioning scheme that supports drives up to 2 terabytes and allows for up to 4 primary partitions or 3 primary partitions and one extended partition. MBR is the default partitioning scheme for older BIOS-based computers and is compatible with all Windows versions.

1. Drive format: Before installing or upgrading an OS, it is important to format the drive. Formatting a drive means wiping out all the existing data and creating a new file system to be used by the new OS. The most common file systems used for Windows OS are NTFS and FAT32.

2. Upgrade considerations: When upgrading an OS, there are several factors to consider such as backing up files and user preferences, application and driver support/backward compatibility, and hardware compatibility. It is important to ensure that all files and preferences are backed up before upgrading to avoid losing any data. It is also important to check if all the applications and drivers installed on the system are compatible with the new OS version. Backward compatibility is also important to ensure that any older applications that may still be in use will still be supported by the new OS. Hardware compatibility should also be considered as some older hardware may not be compatible with the new OS version.

3. Feature updates: After installing a new OS, it is important to keep the OS up-to-date with the latest feature updates. Feature updates provide new functionality and improvements to the OS, as well as bug fixes and security updates. It is important to keep the OS up-to-date to ensure that it is secure and functioning optimally. It is also important to be aware of the product life cycle of the OS, as older versions may no longer be supported or receive updates.

1.10 Identify the following features and tools of the macOS/desktop OS

1. Installation and uninstallation of applications:

a. File types: .dmg (disk image), .pkg (package installer), .app (application bundle)

b. App Store: Similar to the Microsoft Store, it is the official platform to download and install applications.

c. Uninstallation process: Applications can be uninstalled by dragging the app icon to the Trash, or by using third-party uninstallers like AppCleaner.

2. Apple ID and corporate restrictions: Apple ID is a unique identifier used to access Apple services like iCloud, App Store, iTunes, etc. Corporate restrictions can be applied through the use of configuration profiles, which can control settings and features on macOS devices.

3. Best practices:

a. Backups: Time Machine is the built-in backup solution on macOS, but other third-party backup solutions are available.

b. Antivirus: While macOS is generally considered to be less vulnerable to malware compared to Windows, antivirus software is still recommended.

c. Updates/patches: Keeping the OS and applications up-to-date with the latest security patches is crucial.

4. System Preferences:

a. Displays: Settings for external displays and screen resolution.

b. Networks: Settings for Wi-Fi, Ethernet, and other network interfaces.

c. Printers: Settings for adding and managing printers.

d. Scanners: Settings for adding and managing scanners.

e. Privacy: Settings for controlling app access to user data, location, camera, microphone, etc.

f. Accessibility: Settings for making macOS more accessible to users with disabilities.

g. Time Machine: Backup settings and options.


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