RF, Microware and Optical Frequency Communications – A Review of Technologies
6. Frequency Classification for Terrestrial Communication Networks and applications
Given below are typical frequency classification and use.
Very Low Frequency (VLF): These frequencies are mainly used for communication with submarines, as they can penetrate water and the earth's surface. They can also be used for long-range radio navigation systems.
Low Frequency (LF): These frequencies are used for radio navigation systems, such as LORAN and the Non-Directional Beacon (NDB) system for aircraft. They can also be used for long-range communication with ships and aircraft.
Medium Frequency (MF): These frequencies are commonly used for AM radio broadcasting, aviation communication, and maritime communication. They can also be used for some types of amateur radio communication.
High Frequency (HF): These frequencies are used for international broadcasting, long-range aviation communication, maritime communication, and amateur radio communication. They are also used for emergency communication and military communication.
Very High Frequency (VHF): These frequencies are used for FM radio broadcasting, television broadcasting, two-way radio communication, and air traffic control communication. They can also be used for maritime communication and some types of amateur radio communication.
Ultra High Frequency (UHF): These frequencies are used for TV broadcasting, satellite communication, cell phone networks, and some types of two-way radio communication. They are also used for military communication and some types of amateur radio communication.
It's important to note that different countries may allocate frequencies differently, and some bands may be used for different purposes in different regions of the world. The allocation of frequencies is typically regulated by government agencies, such as the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States, to ensure that different communication systems do not interfere with each other.
7. Satellite communication frequency bands and their typical uses
Frequency bands used for satellite communication and their typical uses:
L-band (1 GHz to 2 GHz): This frequency band is typically used for satellite-based navigation systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, and Galileo. It is also used for some types of satellite phone and messaging services.
S-band (2 GHz to 4 GHz): This frequency band is used for satellite communication, including some types of satellite TV and satellite phone services. It is also used for communication with the International Space Station (ISS) and other space vehicles.
C-band (4 GHz to 8 GHz): This frequency band is used for satellite communication, including satellite TV broadcasting and some types of satellite phone services. It is also used for satellite-based weather monitoring and some types of remote sensing applications.
X-band (8 GHz to 12 GHz): This frequency band is used for high-speed communication with satellites, including some types of satellite phone and messaging services. It is also used for satellite-based radar systems, such as those used for weather monitoring and military applications.
Ku-band (12 GHz to 18 GHz): This frequency band is used for satellite communication, including high-speed satellite internet and some types of satellite TV broadcasting. It is also used for satellite-based radar systems and remote sensing applications.
Ka-band (26.5 GHz to 40 GHz): This frequency band is used for high-speed communication with satellites, including some types of satellite internet and military communication. It is also used for some types of remote sensing applications.
The allocation of satellite communication frequencies is regulated by international organizations, such as the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), to ensure that different communication systems do not interfere with each other. Satellite communication services typically require specialized equipment, such as satellite dishes and modems, to communicate with the satellite.
