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Server+ Certification Cram Notes

Server components

1. Hardware Compatibility List (HCL): A hardware compatibility list is a list of hardware devices and components that are compatible with a particular server or computer system. The HCL provides a list of certified hardware components and devices that have been tested and verified to work with the server. It is important to consult the HCL before adding or upgrading hardware components to ensure that they are compatible and will work properly with the server.

2. Central Processing Unit (CPU): The CPU is the primary processor in a server that performs most of the processing tasks. The CPU is responsible for executing instructions, performing calculations, and managing input/output operations. The CPU is often referred to as the "brain" of the server, as it is responsible for managing the server's overall performance and processing power.

3. Graphics Processing Unit (GPU): The GPU is a specialized processor designed to handle graphics and video processing tasks. The GPU is responsible for rendering images, processing video, and managing visual effects. GPUs are commonly used in high-performance computing environments, such as data centers and scientific research facilities, where large amounts of visual data are processed.

4. Memory: Memory, also known as RAM, is a component in a server that stores temporary data and instructions for the CPU to access quickly. Memory is critical for server performance, as it allows the server to access data quickly and efficiently. Memory is measured in gigabytes (GB) and is often upgraded to improve server performance.

5. Bus Types: Bus types refer to the interface or connection between the CPU and other components in the server, such as memory, storage, and expansion cards. There are several types of bus interfaces, including PCI, PCIe, and SATA. The type of bus interface used in a server will affect its overall performance and speed.

6. Interface Types: Interface types refer to the connectors or ports used to connect external devices to the server. Common interface types include USB, Ethernet, and HDMI. The interface type used will depend on the specific needs of the server and the devices being connected.

7. Expansion Cards: Expansion cards are additional components that can be added to a server to provide additional functionality or features. Common expansion cards include network interface cards (NICs), storage controllers, and graphics cards. Expansion cards are inserted into expansion slots on the server's motherboard and are often used to upgrade or expand the server's capabilities.

Deployment and Management of Storage

Deployment and management of storage is a critical aspect of server management, as it involves the planning, implementation, and maintenance of the storage infrastructure that supports a server or network. Storage deployment involves selecting the appropriate storage technology, configuring storage arrays, and integrating storage devices with the server.

Storage management involves ongoing maintenance and monitoring of storage devices and infrastructure to ensure that they are functioning properly and efficiently. This includes managing storage capacity, data backup and recovery, performance monitoring, and security.

There are several different types of storage technologies available for deployment, including direct-attached storage (DAS), network-attached storage (NAS), and storage area networks (SANs). Each type of storage has its own advantages and disadvantages and should be carefully evaluated based on the specific needs of the server or network.

Storage management also involves selecting and configuring appropriate software and tools to manage the storage infrastructure, including monitoring software, backup and recovery software, and data management tools. Effective storage management requires a combination of technical expertise, planning, and ongoing monitoring and maintenance to ensure that the storage infrastructure is secure, reliable, and efficient.

RAID levels and Types

RAID, or Redundant Array of Independent Disks, is a data storage technology that combines multiple physical hard drives into a single logical unit for improved performance, reliability, and/or capacity. The following are the most common RAID levels and types:

1. RAID 0: Also known as striping, RAID 0 splits data across two or more disks to improve performance. Data is divided into blocks and written to multiple disks simultaneously, allowing for faster read and write speeds. However, RAID 0 provides no redundancy or fault tolerance, so if one disk fails, all data is lost.

2. RAID 1: Also known as mirroring, RAID 1 duplicates data across two disks for increased reliability. Data is written to both disks simultaneously, providing redundancy in case one disk fails. RAID 1 provides high data availability but at the expense of capacity, as only half of the total disk capacity is usable.

3. RAID 5: RAID 5 uses block-level striping with parity data distributed across all disks in the array to provide both performance and fault tolerance. Data is divided into blocks and written to multiple disks with parity information calculated and stored on a different disk. If one disk fails, data can be rebuilt from the parity information stored on the remaining disks. RAID 5 requires at least three disks and can tolerate a single disk failure without data loss.

4. RAID 6: RAID 6 is similar to RAID 5 but uses two sets of parity data distributed across all disks in the array to provide increased fault tolerance. RAID 6 requires at least four disks and can tolerate up to two disk failures without data loss.

5. RAID 10: Also known as RAID 1+0, RAID 10 combines mirroring and striping to provide both high performance and fault tolerance. Data is striped across multiple mirrored pairs of disks, providing redundancy and faster read and write speeds. RAID 10 requires at least four disks and can tolerate multiple disk failures as long as no two failed disks are part of the same mirrored pair.

6. JBOD: Just a bunch of disks (JBOD) is not technically a RAID level, but rather a method of combining multiple disks into a single logical unit without any RAID functionality. In a JBOD configuration, each disk is treated as a separate volume, and data is written sequentially to each disk in turn.

7. Hardware vs. software: RAID can be implemented using either hardware or software. Hardware RAID uses a dedicated RAID controller card to manage the RAID array, offloading the processing from the server's CPU and providing higher performance. Software RAID uses the server's CPU and operating system to manage the RAID array, which can be less expensive but may not provide the same level of performance and reliability as hardware RAID.

Storage Capacity planning

Storage capacity planning is the process of estimating the amount of storage capacity required to meet current and future needs. The following are some key steps in the storage capacity planning process:

1. Determine current storage usage: The first step in capacity planning is to determine how much storage is currently being used. This can be done by reviewing current storage usage reports, analyzing server logs, and interviewing system administrators.

2. Identify future storage requirements: The next step is to estimate how much storage will be needed in the future. This can be done by analyzing historical growth rates, reviewing project plans, and interviewing stakeholders.

3. Calculate required storage capacity: Once the current and future storage requirements have been determined, the next step is to calculate the required storage capacity. This can be done by adding the current storage usage to the estimated future storage requirements.

4. Factor in redundancy and data protection: When calculating storage capacity, it's important to factor in redundancy and data protection requirements. This includes allocating additional storage space for RAID configurations, backups, and disaster recovery.

5. Consider storage efficiency: Storage efficiency technologies such as compression and deduplication can significantly reduce storage requirements. When planning storage capacity, it's important to consider the potential benefits of these technologies.

6. Choose appropriate storage technologies: Different storage technologies have different capacities and costs. When planning storage capacity, it's important to consider which technologies will provide the required capacity at an appropriate cost.

7. Plan for future growth: Storage capacity planning is not a one-time event. It's important to plan for future growth and to revisit storage capacity planning regularly to ensure that the storage infrastructure can continue to meet the organization's needs.


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