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Server+ Certification Cram Notes

Common licensing models

Licensing is a legal agreement between the software vendor and the user that outlines the terms and conditions of using the software. It defines how the software can be used, who can use it, and for how long. The licensing models determine how the software is licensed and how the licensing fees are calculated.

Some of the common licensing models are:

1. Per-instance: This licensing model allows the software to be installed on a specific number of servers, and the licensing fee is based on the number of instances.

2. Per-concurrent user: This licensing model allows a specific number of users to access the software concurrently, and the licensing fee is based on the number of users.

3. Per-server: This licensing model allows the software to be installed on a single server, and the licensing fee is based on the number of servers.

4. Per-socket: This licensing model is used for software that runs on servers with multi-core processors, and the licensing fee is based on the number of sockets.

5. Per-core: This licensing model is used for software that runs on servers with multi-core processors, and the licensing fee is based on the number of cores.

6. Site-based: This licensing model is used for software that is licensed to a specific location or site, and the licensing fee is based on the number of users or instances at that location.

7. Physical vs. virtual: This licensing model allows the software to be licensed for use on either physical or virtual servers, and the licensing fee is based on the type of server.

8. Node-locked: This licensing model ties the license to a specific hardware device or node, and the licensing fee is based on the number of nodes.

9. Signatures: This licensing model uses digital signatures to verify the authenticity and integrity of the software and licensing agreement.

Some explanations for these licensing concepts:

Open source: Open source software refers to software whose source code is made freely available to anyone who wants to view, modify, or redistribute it. Open source licenses typically come with certain requirements and restrictions on how the software can be used and distributed.

Subscription: A subscription model for software licensing involves paying a recurring fee for the right to use the software. The fee is typically paid on a monthly or annual basis, and can include maintenance and support services.

License vs. maintenance and support: A software license grants the user the right to use the software according to the terms and conditions of the license agreement. Maintenance and support services, on the other hand, provide ongoing technical assistance, updates, and bug fixes to ensure that the software continues to function as expected.

Volume licensing: Volume licensing is a model for purchasing software licenses in bulk, often at a discounted price. It is typically used by organizations that need to license software for multiple users or devices.

In addition to the licensing models mentioned above, there are many different types of software licenses that can be used to govern the use and distribution of software. These include proprietary licenses, open source licenses (such as the GNU General Public License), and Creative Commons licenses (which are used for creative works like music and images).

License count validation

License count validation refers to the process of verifying the number of licenses owned by a company against the actual usage of software in their environment. This is typically done to ensure compliance with licensing agreements and to avoid potential legal and financial penalties.

A "true-up" is a common method of license count validation, in which a company reviews its software usage over a certain period of time (typically annually) and purchases additional licenses if necessary to cover any excess usage beyond the original license count.

Version compatibility

Version compatibility refers to the ability of software to work together with other software of different versions. Backward compatibility means that newer versions of software can work with older versions of the same software or with other related software that is of an older version. Forward compatibility means that older versions of software can work with newer versions of the same software or with related software of a newer version. It is important for companies to consider version compatibility when managing their software licenses, as licensing terms and conditions may differ across different versions of the same software.


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