8. Dump files: These files are created when a system crashes and contain a snapshot of the system's memory, which can be useful in determining the cause of a crash.
9. VoIP and call managers log files: These logs contain information about Voice over IP (VoIP) calls, including call setup and tear-down information, call duration, and call quality metrics.
10. Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) traffic log files: These logs contain information about SIP traffic, including SIP messages, call setup and tear-down information, and call quality metrics.
Log files can provide valuable information to support incident response and investigations. They can be used to identify the source of security incidents, track the progression of incidents, and determine the impact of incidents on the organization. It is important to have a process in place to collect, store, and analyze log files to ensure that they are available and useful when needed.
syslog/rsyslog/syslog-ng
Syslog, rsyslog, and syslog-ng are widely used logging systems for Unix-based systems. They are used to collect, store, and manage log messages generated by different systems and applications.
Syslog: This is the original Unix logging system and is used to collect and manage log messages from various sources, including applications, operating systems, and network devices.
Rsyslog: This is an enhanced version of the syslog system that provides improved performance, reliability, and security features.
Syslog-ng: This is a flexible logging system that provides advanced filtering and manipulation capabilities, as well as support for encrypted log transport.
journalctl
Journalctl is a logging system used in Linux-based systems that is based on the systemd init system. It provides a centralized repository for system log messages and provides advanced filtering and searching capabilities.
NXLog
NXLog is a multi-platform log collection and processing tool that supports a wide range of log sources, including Windows Event Logs, syslog, and application logs. It provides advanced filtering, parsing, and enrichment capabilities, as well as support for secure log transport and centralized log management.
Bandwidth monitors
Bandwidth monitors are tools that are used to monitor network bandwidth utilization. They provide information about the amount of data that is being transmitted over the network, as well as the utilization of different network segments and devices. Bandwidth monitors can be useful in incident response and investigations by providing information about network activity and performance, which can help to identify potential security incidents or performance issues.
Metadata
Metadata is data that provides information about other data. In the context of incident response and investigations, metadata can provide valuable information to support an investigation. Some common types of metadata include:
Email metadata: This includes information such as the sender, recipient, subject, and time of an email message, as well as details about the email client used to send and receive the message.
Mobile metadata: This includes information such as the device manufacturer, model, operating system, and phone number, as well as details about the mobile carrier and the user's location.
Web metadata: This includes information about the website visited, such as the URL, page title, and date and time of the visit, as well as information about the user's browser and operating system.
File metadata: This includes information about a file, such as the file name, size, creation date, and last modification date, as well as information about the file type, owner, and permissions.
In incident response and investigations, metadata can provide important information about the actions and activities of potential suspects, as well as information about the systems and devices involved in a security incident. For example, email metadata can provide information about the communication between a suspect and others, while file metadata can provide information about the creation and modification of files that may be relevant to an investigation.
