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Routing Fundamentals for Cisco CCNA

Routing Fundamentals for Cisco CCNA

The following topics have been covered in this article. Please note that all the technologies discussed in the article may not be relevant to CCNA or CCNP. It is given for overall understanding of the subject matter.

1. Fundamentals of Routing
2. Configuring Default and Static Routes
3. Configuring RIP v2
4. Configuring OSPF
5. Configuring Frame-relay
6. Configuring BGP
7. Route Redistribution
8. Route redistribution between EIGRP and OSPF
9. Route Redistribution between OSPF and EIGRP

1. Fundamentals of Routing:

There are several different types of routing technologies that are commonly used in networks. Here are a few examples:

1. Static Routing: In static routing, the administrator manually configures the routing table with the necessary information. It is a simple and secure method of routing, but it is not suitable for large networks and does not adapt to changes in the network topology.

2. Distance-Vector Routing: Distance-vector routing protocols, such as Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP), use metrics such as hop count to determine the best path to a destination. These protocols periodically exchange information with their neighboring routers and update their routing tables accordingly.

Some examples of DV protocols:

2.1. Routing Information Protocol (RIP): One of the oldest routing protocols, it uses hop count as its metric and has a maximum limit of 15 hops. It is a simple protocol but not suitable for large networks or networks with slow links.

2.2. Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP): Developed by Cisco, it uses a composite metric that takes into account factors such as bandwidth, delay, reliability, and load. It has a maximum hop count of 100 and supports VLSMs.

2.3. Routing Information Protocol version 2 (RIPv2): An improved version of RIP, it supports CIDR, VLSMs, and classless routing. It also includes the ability to send routing updates in multicast rather than broadcast

These protocols are less popular and less used in modern networks, but are still implemented in some networks for specific use cases.

3. Link-State Routing: Link-state routing protocols, such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS), use metrics such as bandwidth and delay to determine the best path to a destination. These protocols flood information about the state of their links to all routers in the network, and each router builds its own copy of the network topology.