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3.0 Network+ Certification Cram Notes : Network Operations

3.1 Briefly explain usinge appropriate statistics and sensors to ensure network availability.

SNMP

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) is a widely used protocol for network management and monitoring. It allows network devices to communicate information about their performance and status to a central management system.

Traps - Traps are messages sent by a network device to a management system to indicate that some significant event has occurred, such as a change in the device's status or an error condition.

Object Identifiers: Object Identifiers (OIDs) are unique numeric values that identify specific elements of information managed by SNMP, such as the temperature of a device or the amount of memory it is using.

Management Information Bases (MIBs): Management Information Bases (MIBs) are hierarchical collections of OIDs that define the information that can be managed by SNMP. MIBs are used to standardize the format of SNMP data and make it easier to manage and interpret. To ensure network availability, you can use the performance metrics and sensors mentioned above in a few ways:

1. Device/chassis metrics: Monitoring the temperature, CPU usage, and memory of network devices can help identify any potential issues that may affect the performance of the device. High temperatures, for instance, can indicate an overloading of the device, which can lead to failures. By monitoring these metrics, administrators can take proactive measures to prevent outages.

2. Network metrics: Monitoring bandwidth, latency, and jitter can help identify issues with network performance. High levels of latency and jitter can indicate network congestion, while low bandwidth can indicate that the network is not capable of handling the amount of traffic it is receiving. By monitoring these metrics, administrators can make adjustments to the network to improve performance and ensure network availability.

3. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is a protocol used to manage and monitor network devices. SNMP traps can be configured to notify administrators of critical events, such as a device going offline. By monitoring SNMP traps, administrators can quickly identify and resolve issues that may affect network availability.

In conclusion, monitoring these performance metrics and sensors can help ensure network availability by providing administrators with the information they need to identify and resolve potential issues before they affect the network.

Explain how the following Network device logs helps in improving availability.

The logs generated by network devices are an important tool for ensuring network availability. By reviewing the logs, network administrators can identify issues and resolve problems quickly, reducing downtime and improving the overall stability of the network.

1. Log reviews: Network devices typically generate a variety of logs, including traffic logs, audit logs, and syslog. Traffic logs record information about network activity, including incoming and outgoing packets, source and destination addresses, and timestamps. Audit logs provide information about changes made to the device, such as configuration changes, software updates, and user logins. Syslog provides a centralized log of all system messages, including system error messages, warnings, and informational messages. By reviewing these logs, network administrators can detect problems early and resolve them quickly.

2. Logging levels/severity levels: Logging levels or severity levels are a way to categorize the importance of log messages. There are typically several levels of severity, such as critical, error, warning, informational, and debug. By setting the logging level, network administrators can control the level of detail included in the logs. For example, they can choose to log only critical and error messages, or they can log all messages, including informational and debug messages. By using logging levels, network administrators can focus on the most important log messages, improving their ability to quickly identify and resolve network issues.

Interface statistics/status

Interface statistics and status information can help network administrators monitor the health of network devices and ensure their availability. The following are some common interface statistics and status information:

Link state: The link state indicates whether the interface is up (connected) or down (disconnected). Network administrators can use this information to determine if there are any connectivity issues on the network.

Speed/duplex: The speed and duplex information indicate the data transfer rate and the communication mode (full-duplex or half-duplex) of the interface. This information can be useful in troubleshooting network performance issues.

Send/receive traffic: The send and receive traffic information indicate the amount of data being transmitted and received by the interface. This information can be used to monitor the overall network usage and detect any potential congestion issues.

Cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs): A cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is a type of error detection mechanism used to ensure data integrity. The number of CRC errors on an interface can indicate the presence of issues with the data transmission, such as bad cables or incorrect duplex settings.

Protocol packet and byte counts: The protocol packet and byte counts indicate the number of packets and bytes transmitted and received by the interface for each specific protocol. This information can be used to monitor the usage of specific protocols on the network and ensure they are functioning as expected.


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