5. Rate limiting: Rate limiting refers to the process of controlling the rate at which data is transmitted on a network. Rate limiting helps to prevent network congestion and ensure that all devices on the network have fair access to the available bandwidth.
These concepts are essential for ensuring that networks operate efficiently and effectively, and for providing users with the high-quality network experience they expect.
Explain the following Routing and protocols
1. Dynamic routing: Dynamic routing refers to the process of automatically updating the routing tables in a network based on changes in the network topology. This allows for fast and efficient adaptation to changes in the network, such as the addition or removal of devices, and helps to ensure that data is always routed along the most efficient path.
1. Routing Internet Protocol (RIP): Routing Information Protocol (RIP) is a distance-vector routing protocol that is used in IP networks to distribute routing information. RIP determines the best path for data to travel from one network to another based on the number of hops (network devices) the data must pass through. RIP is a simple and widely used protocol, but it has limitations, such as slow convergence time and limited support for larger networks.
2. Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a link-state routing protocol that is used in IP networks to distribute routing information. OSPF determines the best path for data to travel from one network to another based on a cost metric, which is calculated based on the bandwidth and other attributes of the network links. OSPF is a more sophisticated protocol than RIP, and is well-suited to large and complex networks.
3. Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP): Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) is a hybrid routing protocol that combines elements of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols. EIGRP is used in IP networks to distribute routing information and determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another. EIGRP is known for its fast convergence time, efficient use of bandwidth, and support for large and complex networks.
4. Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a path-vector routing protocol that is used to exchange routing information between routers in different autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP is used to determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another, based on a variety of factors such as network stability, network performance, and network policy. BGP is a complex and powerful protocol, and is widely used in large-scale network environments, such as service provider networks and data centers.
These routing protocols are used to ensure that data is always routed along the most efficient path, and to ensure that networks operate efficiently and effectively.
1. Link state vs. distance vector vs. hybrid:
Link state routing protocols maintain a complete and accurate map of the network topology and use this information to determine the best path for data to travel from one network to another. OSPF is an example of a link state routing protocol.
Distance vector routing protocols determine the best path for data to travel based on the number of hops (network devices) the data must pass through. RIP is an example of a distance vector routing protocol.
Hybrid routing protocols combine elements of both link state and distance vector routing protocols. EIGRP is an example of a hybrid routing protocol.
2. Static routing: Static routing is a manual process of configuring routing information in a network. In static routing, the network administrator defines the routes that data should take, and these routes do not change unless they are manually updated. Static routing is simple to set up and can be useful in small networks, but it can become time-consuming and difficult to manage in larger, more complex networks.
3. Default route: A default route is a pre-defined route that is used to send data to any destination that is not specifically defined in the routing table. The default route is often used as a catch-all for traffic that is not intended for any other specific destination.
4. Administrative distance: Administrative distance is a value assigned to each routing protocol that is used to determine the trustworthiness of the routing information being received from a particular source. The lower the administrative distance value, the more trustworthy the routing information is considered to be. For example, a directly connected network is typically assigned an administrative distance of 0, while a routing protocol like BGP is assigned an administrative distance of 20.
5. Exterior vs. interior:
Exterior routing protocols are used to exchange routing information between routers in different autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet. BGP is an example of an exterior routing protocol.
Interior routing protocols are used to exchange routing information within a single autonomous system. OSPF and EIGRP are examples of interior routing protocols.
6. Time to live (TTL): Time to live (TTL) is a value in an IP packet header that specifies the maximum number of hops (network devices) that the packet is allowed to pass through before it is discarded. The TTL is used to prevent infinite loops in the network, where a packet continuously bounces from one device to another without reaching its destination. The TTL is decremented by one at each hop, and when the TTL reaches 0, the packet is discarded.
