2.0 CCNA - Network Access

2.1 Configure and verify VLANs (normal range) spanning multiple switches

To configure and verify VLANs spanning multiple switches, you can follow these steps:

1. Create VLANs on each switch:
- Enter global configuration mode using the "configure terminal" command.
- Create the VLAN using the "vlan [vlan-id]" command.
- Assign a name to the VLAN using the "name [vlan-name]" command.
- Repeat these steps for each VLAN you want to create.
2. Assign switch ports to the VLAN:
- Enter interface configuration mode for the desired port using the "interface [port]" command.
- Assign the port to a VLAN using the "switchport access vlan [vlan-id]" command.
- Repeat these steps for each port you want to assign to the VLAN.
3. Configure trunking to allow VLANs to span multiple switches
- Enter interface configuration mode for the port that will be used for trunking using the "interface [port]" command.
- Configure the port as a trunk using the "switchport mode trunk" command.
- Specify the VLANs allowed on the trunk using the "switchport trunk allowed vlan [vlan-id]" command.
4. Verify the VLAN configuration
- Use the "show vlan" command to display a list of VLANs and their configuration information.
- Use the "show interfaces [port] switchport" command to display the VLAN configuration for a specific port.

Note: The VLAN ID range for normal VLANs is typically 1-1005. It's important to verify the specific range supported by your network devices and follow best practices for VLAN numbering.

2.1.a Access ports (data and voice)

Access ports are network switch ports that are assigned to a specific VLAN and used to connect devices such as workstations, printers, or IP phones. There are two types of access ports:

1. Data Access Ports: These ports are used to connect data devices such as computers and servers. They are assigned to a specific VLAN for data traffic and do not allow traffic from other VLANs.
2. Voice Access Ports: These ports are used to connect IP phones and are often assigned to a dedicated VLAN for voice traffic. This allows for efficient handling and prioritization of voice traffic.

To configure access ports, you need to:

1. Assign a VLAN to the port:
- Enter interface configuration mode for the desired port using the "interface [port]" command.
- Assign the port to a VLAN using the "switchport access vlan [vlan-id]" command.
2. Disable trunking on the port:
- Enter interface configuration mode for the desired port using the "interface [port]" command.
- Disable trunking on the port using the "switchport mode access" command.
3. Verify the port configuration:
- Use the "show interfaces [port] switchport" command to display the port's VLAN assignment and trunking configuration.

Note: It's important to follow best practices for VLAN assignment and ensure that the VLANs used for data and voice traffic are properly configured and secured.