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CCST Certification Cram Notes

2. Addressing and Subnet Formats

2.2 Identify IPv4 addresses and subnet formats. Subnet concepts, Subnet Calculator, slash notation, and subnet mask; broadcast domain

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit addresses represented in dotted-decimal notation, such as 192.168.0.1. Each segment in the dotted-decimal notation represents 8 bits (1 byte) of the IPv4 address, allowing a range of 0 to 255 for each segment.

Subnet Concepts:

  • Subnetting is the process of dividing a network into smaller logical subnetworks called subnets.

  • Subnetting allows for efficient use of IP addresses, better network management, and improved security.

  • It involves dividing the host portion of an IP address into a network portion and a host portion using a subnet mask.

  • Subnetting enables the creation of multiple broadcast domains within a network.

Subnet Mask and Slash Notation:

  • A subnet mask is a 32-bit value used to determine the network portion and host portion of an IP address.

  • It consists of a series of 1s followed by a series of 0s.

  • The ones represent the network portion, while the zeros represent the host portion.

  • For example, a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 (in dotted-decimal notation) has the binary representation of 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000.

  • Slash notation, also known as CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) notation, represents the subnet mask by specifying the number of consecutive ones in the subnet mask. It is denoted by a forward slash followed by the number of bits, such as /24.

  • The subnet mask 255.255.255.0 is equivalent to /24.

Broadcast Domain:

  • A broadcast domain is a logical division of a computer network where all devices can receive broadcast messages sent within that domain.

  • Broadcast messages are sent to all devices on the network and are used for various network protocols, such as Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).

  • Devices within the same broadcast domain can directly communicate with each other using broadcasts.

  • Routers or Layer 3 switches separate broadcast domains by not forwarding broadcast traffic, which helps control the scope of broadcast messages within a network.

Subnet Calculator: A subnet calculator is a tool that assists in calculating subnet information based on an IP address and subnet mask or prefix length. It provides details such as the network address, broadcast address, range of usable IP addresses, and more. Subnet calculators are available as online tools or downloadable software and can help simplify the process of subnetting and network planning.

Understanding IPv4 addresses, subnet formats, and subnetting concepts is essential for proper IP address management, network design, and troubleshooting in computer networks.

2.3 Identify IPv6 addresses and prefix formats. Types of addresses, prefix concepts

IPv6 addresses are 128-bit addresses represented in hexadecimal notation, such as 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334. IPv6 addresses are significantly longer than IPv4 addresses and provide a much larger address space.

Types of IPv6 Addresses:

  • 1. Unicast Address: Identifies a single interface and represents a unique address on the network. Unicast addresses can be globally unique or link-local.

  • 2. Multicast Address: Identifies a group of interfaces and is used for one-to-many communication. Multicast addresses start with the prefix "ff00::/8."

  • Anycast Address: Identifies a group of interfaces, but the packet is routed to the nearest (in terms of routing distance) interface in the group. Anycast addresses share the same address format as unicast addresses.

  • Loopback Address: Used for testing and internal communication. The loopback address is "::1" or "localhost."

Prefix Concepts in IPv6:

  • The prefix in an IPv6 address indicates the network portion of the address. It determines the network's routing and addressing policies.

  • The prefix length specifies the number of bits in the prefix. For example, a prefix length of "/64" indicates that the first 64 bits of the IPv6 address represent the network portion.

  • The prefix length can vary depending on the network configuration and requirements. Common prefix lengths include /64, /48, and /32.

IPv6 addresses often contain a combination of network prefixes and interface identifiers. The network prefixes are obtained from ISPs or assigned for specific purposes, while the interface identifier is derived from the MAC address or generated randomly.

IPv6 provides a vast address space to accommodate the growing number of devices and to support advanced networking features. Understanding IPv6 addressing and the different types of addresses, along with their prefix concepts, is essential for deploying and managing IPv6 networks.


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