3. Which layer in the OSI model is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications?
A) Layer 2
B) Layer 3
C) Layer 4
D) Layer 5
Answer: C
Explanation: Layer 4, the Transport layer, is responsible for establishing, managing, and terminating sessions between applications. This layer provides end-to-end communication between applications and ensures that data is reliably delivered to the destination.
4. What is the purpose of DHCP?
A) To provide dynamic IP address allocation to hosts
B) To provide secure remote access to a network
C) To provide packet filtering and traffic shaping
D) To provide redundancy and load balancing
Answer: A
Explanation: The purpose of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is to provide dynamic IP address allocation to hosts. DHCP enables hosts to obtain IP addresses automatically from a DHCP server, which eliminates the need for manual configuration of IP addresses.
5. What is the purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP)?
A) To prevent loops in layer 2 networks
B) To provide load balancing across multiple links
C) To provide end-to-end communication between hosts
D) To secure remote access to a network
Answer: A
Explanation: The purpose of Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) is to prevent loops in layer 2 networks. STP blocks redundant paths in a network, which eliminates the possibility of loops that can cause broadcast storms and network outages.
6. Which of the following is a method of providing redundancy for network services by configuring multiple devices to share a virtual IP address?
A) HSRP
B) VRRP
C) GLBP
D) OSPF
Answer: B
Explanation: VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a method of providing redundancy for network services by configuring multiple devices to share a virtual IP address. VRRP allows for a backup router to take over if the primary router fails, which provides increased availability for critical network services.
7. Which of the following is a benefit of using Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) in a network?
A) Load balancing of traffic between multiple routers
B) Dynamic creation of virtual interfaces
C) Increased network security
D) Automatic failover in case of a router failure
Answer: D
Explanation: Automatic failover in case of a router failure is one of the benefits of using VRRP. VRRP allows multiple routers to participate in a virtual router group, with one router acting as the active router and the others acting as backup routers. If the active router fails, the backup router with the highest priority takes over as the active router, ensuring that there is no disruption in network connectivity.
8. Which of the following is a function of Network Address Translation (NAT)?
A) Encryption of network traffic
B) Compression of network traffic
C) Conversion of private IP addresses to public IP addresses
D) Creation of virtual interfaces
Answer: C
Explanation:Conversion of private IP addresses to public IP addresses is the main function of NAT. NAT allows a network to use private IP addresses internally, while using a smaller number of public IP addresses for communication with the Internet. When a device with a private IP address sends a packet to the Internet, the NAT device replaces the private IP address with a public IP address, allowing the packet to be routed across the Internet.
9. Which of the following is an advantage of using a Layer 3 switch over a traditional router?
A) Layer 3 switches are less expensive
B) Layer 3 switches provide better security
C) Layer 3 switches provide faster packet forwarding
D) Layer 3 switches provide better quality of service (QoS) features
Answer: C
Explanation:Layer 3 switches provide faster packet forwarding than traditional routers, as they can perform routing functions in hardware rather than software. This results in lower latency and higher throughput. Layer 3 switches can also provide advanced features such as QoS and security, but these are not specific advantages over traditional routers.
10. Which of the following is an example of an interior gateway protocol (IGP)?
A) Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
B) Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
C) Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
D) Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
Answer: B
Explanation:Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is an example of an interior gateway protocol (IGP). IGPs are used within a single autonomous system (AS) to distribute routing information between routers. OSPF is a link-state protocol that uses a metric based on bandwidth and other factors to calculate the shortest path to a destination network.
11. Which of the following is a benefit of using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) in a network?
A) Improved security of network traffic
B) Reduced network latency
C) Increased network scalability
D) Enhanced support for IPv6
Answer: C
Explanation:Increased network scalability is a benefit of using Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) in a network. MPLS is a protocol that can be used to forward packets based on labels rather than network addresses, allowing for more efficient use of network bandwidth and improved network performance. MPLS also provides traffic engineering capabilities, allowing network administrators to control the flow of traffic through the network.
