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CCNP ENCOR Certification Cram Notes : Network Assurance

4.1 Diagnose network problems using tools such as debugs, conditional debugs, trace route, ping, SNMP, and syslog

Diagnosing network problems is an important part of network troubleshooting. There are several tools available that can help network engineers diagnose network issues. Here are some commonly used tools:

1. Debugs: Debugs are real-time tools used to troubleshoot issues by providing information about specific events or processes. It is important to use debugs sparingly because they can negatively impact network performance.

2. Conditional Debugs: Conditional Debugs are similar to debugs but they allow you to set specific conditions to trigger the debugging. This can help reduce the impact on network performance.

3. Trace Route: Trace Route is a command-line tool used to diagnose connectivity issues between two devices. It sends packets to the destination and records the route the packets take.

4. Ping: Ping is a command-line tool used to test connectivity between two devices. It sends ICMP echo requests to the destination and waits for an echo reply.

5. SNMP: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) is used to manage and monitor network devices. It provides a way to retrieve information about the device and its interfaces.

6. Syslog: Syslog is a protocol used to send log messages from network devices to a central syslog server for storage and analysis.

When diagnosing network problems, it is important to have a structured approach. Start with the physical layer and work your way up through the OSI model. Use the appropriate tools to isolate the issue and gather as much information as possible before making any changes to the network.

Configuring on Cisco device

1. Debugs:

To configure debugs on a Cisco device, use the debug command followed by the specific module you want to debug. For example, to debug OSPF adjacency issues, use the command:

Router#debug ip ospf adj

To turn off debugging, use the undebug command followed by the same module. For example:

Router#undebug ip ospf adj

2. Trace Route:

To use trace route on a Cisco device, use the traceroute command followed by the destination IP address or hostname. For example:

Router#traceroute 8.8.8.8

You can also use the extended options to set parameters such as the number of probes, the timeout interval, and the maximum time-to-live (TTL) value. For example:

Router#traceroute 8.8.8.8 timeout 2 num-probes 3 ttl 5

3. Ping:

To use ping on a Cisco device, use the ping command followed by the destination IP address or hostname. For example:

Router#ping 8.8.8.8

You can also use the extended options to set parameters such as the number of packets, the packet size, and the timeout interval. For example:

Router#ping 8.8.8.8 count 10 size 1000 timeout 2

4. SNMP:

To configure SNMP on a Cisco device, use the snmp-server command followed by the specific configuration option. For example, to enable SNMP version 2c with the community string "public", use the commands:

Router(config)#snmp-server community public RO
Router(config)#snmp-server enable traps

You can also configure SNMP version 3 with more advanced security options such as authentication and encryption.

5. Syslog:

To configure syslog on a Cisco device, use the logging command followed by the specific configuration option. For example, to enable syslog messages to be sent to a remote syslog server at IP address 10.1.1.1, use the commands:

Router(config)#logging host 10.1.1.1
Router(config)#logging trap informational

You can also configure syslog messages to be sent to multiple destinations, set the severity level of the messages, and filter messages based on criteria such as source IP address or message content.

4.2 Configure and verify device monitoring using syslog for remote logging

Syslog is a standard protocol used for sending event messages to a logging server, typically located elsewhere on the network. Configuring syslog on a Cisco device involves the following steps:

1. Specify the syslog server: To configure syslog on a Cisco device, you first need to specify the IP address of the syslog server that will receive the logs. This is done using the following command:

logging host <ip-address>

2. Configure the logging severity level: Cisco devices allow you to specify the severity level of the logs that are sent to the syslog server. This is done using the following command:

logging trap <level>

The level parameter can be any one of the following:

  • emergency (0)

  • alert (1)

  • critical (2)

  • error (3)

  • warning (4)

  • notification (5)

  • informational (6)

  • debugging (7)

For example, to send all logs with severity level warning and above to the syslog server, use the following command:

logging trap warning

3. Enable logging: Finally, you need to enable logging on the device using the following command:

csharpCopy code
logging on

This will enable logging for all message types.

Once syslog is configured on the device, you can use a syslog viewer application to view the logs being sent from the device to the syslog server. This allows you to monitor the device for any errors or issues that may arise.


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