A+ Certification Exam Notes : Hardware

3.4 Given a scenario, install and configure motherboards, central processing units (CPUs), and add-on cards

CPU Architecture

x64/x86: This refers to the type of CPU instruction set. x64 and x86 are both 32-bit and 64-bit architectures respectively. x86 is the older architecture, while x64 is a newer and more advanced version that offers increased memory and performance capabilities.

Advanced RISC Machine (ARM): This is a type of CPU architecture typically used in mobile devices and embedded systems. ARM processors are power-efficient and suitable for small form factor devices.

Single-core: A processor with a single processing core.

Multicore: A processor with multiple processing cores that work together to increase performance.

Multithreading: A technique in which multiple threads or processes run simultaneously on a CPU.

Virtualization support: A processor's ability to run multiple operating systems simultaneously.

Expansion cards

Sound card: A device that enhances the sound quality of a computer by processing and outputting sound.

Video card: A device that processes and outputs graphics to a display.

Capture card: A device that allows you to capture and record video from external sources like cameras, game consoles, and more.

Network Interface Card (NIC): A device that connects a computer to a network, allowing it to send and receive data.

Cooling

Fans: Devices that circulate air over the heat sink to dissipate the heat generated by the processor.

Heat sink: A passive cooling device that absorbs and dissipates heat away from the CPU.

Thermal paste/pads: A compound that is applied between the CPU and heat sink to improve the thermal conductivity and reduce the temperature.

Liquid: A type of cooling system that uses water or other liquids to cool the processor. Liquid cooling is more efficient than air cooling and can provide better overclocking capabilities.

3.5 Given a scenario, install or replace the appropriate power supply

When installing or replacing a power supply, the following factors need to be considered:

1. Input voltage: Power supplies can support input voltages of either 110-120 VAC or 220-240 VAC. Make sure to select a power supply that matches the voltage of your electrical system.

2. Output voltage: Power supplies provide different output voltages, such as 3.3V, 5V, and 12V. Verify that the power supply you choose provides the necessary voltages for the components you have.

3. 20-pin to 24-pin motherboard adapter: Some older motherboards use a 20-pin power connector, while newer ones require a 24-pin connector. If your power supply has a 20-pin connector, you can use an adapter to connect it to a 24-pin motherboard.

4. Redundant power supply: For mission-critical systems that require maximum uptime, redundant power supplies can be used. These systems have two power supplies, so if one fails, the other can take over.

5. Modular power supply: Modular power supplies allow you to connect only the cables you need, which can help with cable management.

6. Wattage rating: The wattage rating of a power supply determines the amount of power it can provide. Make sure to choose a power supply with a wattage rating that is appropriate for the components you have installed. It is recommended to have a power supply with at least 20% more wattage than the total power consumption of all installed components to ensure stable and efficient operation.