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Function Of Networking Protocols,Dns Concepts,Network Troubleshooting & Virtual Network Components

1.6 Explain the function of common networking protocols.

  • TCP/IP is the protocol, which is used by all internet applications such as WWW, FTP, Telnet etc. IPX/SPX is proprietary protocol stack of Novell NetWare.

  • UDP (User Datagram Protocol): UDP is a thin protocol. UDP is a connectionless protocol. It doesn't contact the destination before sending the packet and doesn't care whether the packet is reached at the destination.

  • Telnet is used for terminal emulation that runs programs remotely. Telnet uses TCP/IP protocol. Telnet requires a username and password to access. It is client-server protocol

  • FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is a connection oriented protocol. It uses TCP/IP for file transfer. It is client-server protocol

  • TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) that uses UDP (Connectionless protocol).

  • SNMP is part of TCP/IP protocol suite. It allows you to monitor and manage a network from a centralized place by using SNMP Manager software. The systems or devices that provide the responses are called agents (or MIBs). An SNMP agent is any computer running SNMP agent software. MIB stands for Management Information Base. It is part of SNMP agent database. A MIB records and stores information abut the host it is running on. An SNMP manager can request and collect information from an agent's MIB. Routers are typical MIB agents. SNMP agent generates "trap" messages that are then sent to an SNMP management console, which is a trap destination.

  • https is the protocol used for accessing the World Wide Web services. https operates over TCP/IP. 15. TCP: TCP is a full-duplex, connection-oriented protocol. It incorporates error checking as well.

1.7 Summarize DNS concepts and its components

The most common type of DNS record is a Host record (also called an A record). In the Internet, a Host record is used to associate a domain name (FQDN � Fully Qualified Domain Name) with an IP address.
An MX record stores the IP address of your SMTP server, so e-mail clients can determine where a message should be sent. They perform a DNS query against a domain's MX record to get the IP address of the organization's SMTP server.

An Alias record's job is to associate an alternate name with a computer for which there is already a Host record. For example, suppose that the host record for relevant looked like this:

Relevant Host (A) 200.100.100.199

Alias record is like a redirect. For example, you have a site mydomain.com. However, someone enters www.mysite.com, You want him or her to be directed to the web.mysite.com. Since there is no server on the network named "www," set up an Alias record that associates www with mysite.com. The Alias record looks something like this:

www Alias (CNAME) mysite.com

MAC address record is not associated with DNS server records

1.8 Given a scenario, implement the following network troubleshooting methodology

Given below is the sequence of steps recommended to be following is solving a network problem:

  1. 1. Information gathering - Identify symptoms and problems

  2. 2. Identify the affected areas of the network

  3. 3. Determine if anything has changed

  4. 4. Establish the most probable cause

  5. 5. Determine if escalation is necessary

  6. 6. Create an action plan and solution identifying potential effects

  7. 7. Implement and test the solution

  8. 8. Identify the results and affects of the solution

  9. 9. Document the solution and the entire process

Indirect enquires are usually not a recommended practice.

1.9 Identify virtual network components

  • Virtual Switch is a software program that allows one virtual machine to communicate with another. It can intelligently direct communication on the network by inspecting packets before passing them on.

  • Virtual Server is a server which is shared by multiple website owners. Each owner can use use and administrate

  • With virtual desktops, a user's data is stored in a data center rather than on an office computer's hard drive. By providing authentication credentials, a secure connection can be established between the centralized repository of user data and that user's device , thus allowing the user to remotely access her document.

  • PBX A Private Branch Exchange (PBX) is a privately owned telephone switch traditionally used in corporate telephony systems. Although a PBX is not typically considered a VoIP device, it can connect into a VoIP network through a gateway.

  • In Naas (Network as a Service), the service provider offers services like e-mail and DNS for use by the clients. In SaaS (Software as Service), typically access is provided to a software application.

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