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Applications, Devices, & Protocols Related To OSI Model

The following diagram provides a mapping of OSI to DoD (TCP/IP) Model:

Mapping of OSI to DoD (TCP/IP) Model

In the Application layer lies many of network aware programs and services such as:

  1. 1. https (80) - HyperText Transport Protocol which is used for transferring webpages.

  2. 2. SNMP (161/162) - Simple Network Management Protocol which is used for managing network devices.

  3. 3. FTP (20/21) - File Transfer Protocol which is used for transferring files across the network.

  4. 4. TFTP (69) - Trivial File Transfer Protocol which is a low overhead fast transfer FTP protocol.

  5. 5. SMTP (25) - Simple Mail Tranfer Protocol which is used for transferring email across the Internet.

  6. 6. Telnet (23) - An application for remotely logging into a server across the network.

  7. 7. NNTP (119) - Network News Transfer Protocol which is used for transferring news.

The numbers, shown in brackets next to the protocols, are called the Well Known Port Numbers.

1.2 Classify how applications, devices, and protocols relate to the OSI model lay

  • MAC Address : Data link layer

  • IP address : Network Layer

  • EUI-64 (Extended Unique Identifier): Data Link Layer

  • Frames : Data Link Layer

  • Packets: Network Layer

  • Layer-2 Switch: Data Link Layer

  • Router: Network Layer

  • Multilayer Switch: Data Link Layer and Network Layer

  • Hub: Physical Layer

  • Encryption devices: Presentation Layer

  • Cable: Physical Layer

  • NIC: Data Link Layer and Physical Layer

  • Bridge: Data Link Layer

1.3 Explain the purpose and properties of IP addressing

IP addresses are written using decimal numbers separated by decimal points. This is called dotted decimal notation of expressing IP addresses. 2 types of IP addressing is used. 1. IP v4 addressing and 2. IP v6 addressing convention.

The different classes of IP addresses is as below:

IP v4 Addressing:

Class Format Leading Bit Pattern Network Address Range Max Networks Max nodes/hosts
A N.H.H.H 0 0-126 127 16777214
B N.N.H.H 10 128-191 16384 65534
C N.N.N.H 110 192-223 2097152 254

  • Network address of all zeros means "This network or segment".

  • Network address of all 1s means " all networks", same as hexadecimal of all Fs.

  • Network number 127 is reserved for loop-back tests.

  • Host (Node) address of all zeros mean "This Host (Node)".

  • Host (Node) address of all 1s mean "all Hosts (Nodes) " on the specified network.

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