Proxy ETR (PETR): PETRs act just like ETRs(Egress Tunnel Router) but for EIDs(Endpoint Identifier) that send traffic to destinations at non-LISP sites.
Proxy ITR (PITR): An ITR but for a non-LISP site that sends traffic to EID destinations at LISP sites.
Map resolver (MR): This is a network device (typically a router) that receives LISP-encapsulated map requests from an ITR and finds the appropriate ETR to answer those requests by consulting the map server.
Map server/Map resolver (MS/MR): When MS and the MR functions are implemented on the same device, the device is referred to as an MS/MR.
LISP site: This is the name of a site where LISP routers and EIDs (Endpoint Identifiers) reside.
Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR): ITRs are LISP routers that LISP encapsulate IP packets coming from EIDs that are destined outside the LISP site.
Egress Tunnel Router (ETR): ETRs are LISP routers that deencapsulate LISP-encapsulated IP packets coming from sites outside the LISP site and destined to EIDs within the LISP site.
Tunnel router (xTR): xTR refers to routers that perform ITR and ETR functions (which is most routers).
Endpoint Identifier (EID): Assigned to hosts like computers, laptops, printers, etc.
Routing Locators (RLOC):Assigned to routers. We use the RLOC address to reach EIDs.
VXLAN allows the SD-Access fabric to support Layer 2 and Layer 3 virtual topologies (overlays) and the ability to operate over any IPbased network with built-in network segmentation (VRF instance/VN) and built-in group-based policy. The original VXLAN specification was enhanced for SD-Access to support Cisco TrustSec Scalable Group Tags (SGTs). This was accomplished by adding new fields to the first 4 bytes of the VXLAN header in order to transport up to 64,000 SGT tags.
VXLAN(Virtual Extensible LAN): VXLAN is an extension to the Layer 2 VLAN. It was designed to provide the same VLAN functionality with greater extensibility and flexibility. VXLAN offers the following benefits:
Troubleshoot static and dynamic 802.1q trunking protocols
In order to troubleshoot trunking Protocols. The first step is to understand the use case for trunking and the difference between static and dynamic trunking protocols.
Trunking is a feature that enables multiple vlans to be forwarded between two or more switches. There is an industry-standard trunking protocol call IEEE 802.1q. The prime purpose of this protocol is to enable all vendors to apply the same standards to multiple vlans when forwarding vlans to a directly-connected network device. This could be a switch, router, firewall, load balancer, server etc.
There are two trunking standards ISL & 802.1q. They can both form links using the dynamically dynamic trunking protocol DTP.
The first key point to recognise is that for the purpose of our study, we always want our switches to trunk with the industry-standard protocol 802.1q.
IEEE 802.1Q is the most common VLAN trunking protocol and is an open standard. It works by marking an Ethernet frame as it passes through a switch, tagging it as belonging to a particular VLAN.
Compare routing concepts of EIGRP and OSPF (advanced distance vector vs. linked state, load balancing, path selection, path operations, metrics)
show ip eigrp topology: To display entries in the Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP) topology table, use the show ip eigrp topology command in EXEC mode.
show ip eigrp neighbours: To display the neighbors discovered by Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (EIGRP), use the show ip eigrp neighbors command in EXEC mode. It shows when neighbors become active and inactive. The neighbor parameters displayed include Address, Interface, Holdtime, Uptime, Q, Seq Num, SRTT, and RTO.
show ip route eigrp: Displays the EIGRP routes installed in the route table.
show ip eigrp interface: Use the show ip eigrp interfaces command to determine on which interfaces EIGRP is active, and to find out information about EIGRP relating to those interfaces. The details shown include interfaces on which EIGRP is configured, number of directly connected EIGRP neighbours on each interface, Mean SRTT, etc.